Insulin injections are not a safe or effective way to lose weight. There are many other, safer and more effective ways to lose weight, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly.
Here are some expert reviews on insulin injections for weight loss:
There is no scientific evidence to support the use of slimming patches for weight loss. In fact, some experts believe that they may be harmful. Slimming patches are a type of topical weight loss product that are applied to the skin. They are often marketed as a safe and easy way to lose weight. However, there is no scientific evidence to support these claims.
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Women who are first diagnosed with carbohydrate intolerance in the form of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Here are some things they should do to reduce their risk:
If you have gestational diabetes, it is important to talk to your doctor about your risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. They can help you develop a plan to reduce your risk and keep your health in good condition.
Here are some additional tips for women who have had gestational diabetes:
By following these tips, you can reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life
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Any pregnant woman can develop gestational diabetes, which is a result of hormonal changes during pregnancy. It usually goes away after delivery, but if left untreated, it can be dangerous for both mother and baby.
Pregnancy hormones interfere with the production of insulin, which causes an increase in blood glucose levels and the development of gestational diabetes.
It causes insulin resistance, which is a reduction in the sensitivity of cells to insulin. More and more insulin is produced by pancreatic cells to keep blood sugar levels within a normal range. The pancreas becomes overworked at this point, usually between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy, and gestational diabetes sets in.
The alarm signal is the presence of sugar in the urine or too high blood sugar – this is detected during pregnancy check-ups .
What should concern you:
These signs can be alarming, and you should tell your doctor about them in order to confirm or rule out gestational diabetes as soon as possible. The diagnosis of this disease proceeds in stages.
Most women have no symptoms of gestational diabetes, or the symptoms are misdiagnosed as pregnancy malaise. This is why blood sugar tests must be repeated multiple times.
The glucose level in the blood is tested for the first time up to the 10th week of pregnancy to determine whether the expectant mother has diabetes, which she is unaware of. This is an overnight blood draw.
A second, more intricate test known as the “glucose load” is performed between 24 and 26 weeks of pregnancy..
During the passage of time you may feel uncomfortable, dizzy, nauseous and you should spend this time in front of the door of the nursing room.
Glucose test results may indicate gestational diabetes if the result is:
One exceeded result is enough If it is higher, but does not exceed 180 mg% (a higher result indicates diabetes), the woman is directed to the so-called diagnostic test.
The doctor recommends a sugar curve load of 75 grams of glucose in the event of an abnormal result. Fasting blood glucose levels are measured before, 1 hour and 2 hours after drinking, and if they are higher than 95 mg% and 140 mg%, the patient will be referred to a diabetes clinic or obstetrics center.
Because the problem in this disease is high blood sugar during pregnancy, it is critical to avoid it and keep glucose levels in check. It is recommended.:
You can control diabetes during pregnancy and significantly lower the risk of complications by eating properly, receiving specialized care (from a gynecologist and a diabetologist), and occasionally also taking insulin.
Complications of untreated or neglected gestational diabetes include:
Normally, after the baby is born, the hormones return to normal and diabetes goes away on its own. However, women who had diabetes during pregnancy may develop type 2 diabetes in the future .
The hydatid tapeworm is the primary cause of the extremely dangerous and difficult-to-detect disease echinococcosis. Echinococcosis can be contracted by consuming unwashed berries and fruits. Most cases result in death if they are not properly treated.
The dangerous Echinococcus tapeworms E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, particularly E. oligarthrus and E. vogeli, are the primary cause of echinococcosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease.
The feces of both domestic and wild animals with this small (about 2 mm) but incredibly dangerous tapeworm infection contain its eggs (foxes, wolves or dogs and cats). They find themselves in the brush with him. You shouldn’t eat berries straight from the bush because animal feces are undetectable and odorless. Although we might believe they are clean, they could actually contain the eggs of a dangerous tapeworm.
Swallowing echinococcosis eggs results in infection. The feces of the specific hosts are the source of this infection. Most frequently, humans become infected by eating unwashed forest fruits or coming into direct contact with dog hair.
People who have direct contact with foxes or their dens, such as hunters, foresters, brushwood gatherers, farmers, and leather tanners, as well as anyone who collects forest fruits like blueberries, blackberries, or mushrooms, are considered to be in the high-risk category.
The hydatid is an extremely aggressive parasite. Its larvae, after getting into the body, select the most important parts of the human body:
and they nest there. A cyst forms around the larvae, which enlarges and compresses the adjacent tissues. Multilocular echinococcosis does not have to give symptoms for about 10-15 years .
A cyst rupture can even cost you your life . Strong vomiting (in the form of a watery liquid) and a sharp cough appear then .
The signs and symptoms of echinococcosis depend on which organ the larvae are in. Echinococcosis starts in the liver in more than 90% of cases.
If the tapeworm settles in the liver, there are:
Echinococcosis is a condition characterized by the presence of a cyst (cyst) containing larvae, which can be detected during an abdominal ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, or plain X-ray. It can also develop in other organs, such as the lungs, kidneys, and brain, and can cause chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and shortness of breath.
If the larvae are localized in the lungs, they appear:
If the larvae are in the brain, they appear:
People in the risk group should get preventive imaging exams. Once a year, they should get an ultrasound of their abdomen, which can find cysts on the liver, which is the organ most often affected by echinococcosis. Tell your doctor about any symptoms that worry you. When a cyst with hydatid larvae bursts, the parasites can spread to other parts of the body. They can then spread to other organs and even cause a dangerous condition called anaphylactic shock.
Multilocular echinococcosis is a dangerous and difficult-to-detect disease that can end in death. It is often mistaken for cancer, but radiological examination reveals the culprit, the echinococcosis tapeworm. Cysts are removed surgically, and antiparasitic chemotherapy is used to prevent recurrence. Follow-up examinations are recommended for the next 10 years.
Sleep apnea is a condition that affects many people worldwide, causing them to experience disruptions in their breathing during sleep. Recent studies have suggested that sleep apnea may have a negative impact on both bone and dental health.
Research conducted by the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine has indicated that individuals with sleep apnea have a higher likelihood of developing osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more susceptible to fractures. This is believed to occur due to a decrease in the levels of oxygen in the body during sleep apnea episodes, which can lead to a decrease in bone density.
In addition, sleep apnea has also been associated with dental problems such as tooth decay and gum disease. This could be due to the fact that individuals with sleep apnea tend to breathe through their mouths, which can lead to dry mouth and a decrease in saliva production. Saliva plays an important role in protecting teeth and gums from bacteria that can cause decay and disease.
While more research is needed to fully understand the link between sleep apnea and bone and dental health, individuals who suffer from this condition should be aware of these potential risks and take steps to manage their symptoms. This may include seeking medical treatment to address the underlying causes of sleep apnea, as well as practicing good oral hygiene habits to maintain healthy teeth and gums.
Fever is a natural and necessary bodily reaction, but it frequently necessitates the use of antipyretics and home temperature-lowering methods. Young children are particularly vulnerable to its side effects, such as febrile convulsions.
The body’s natural response to inflammation is fever. According to the definition, it is an elevation in body temperature exceeding usual daily oscillations (body temperature may fluctuate slightly during the day).
A fever is defined as a body temperature of 38°C or above. We also identify low-grade fever, which occurs when the body temperature is 37-38°C, moderate fever, which occurs when the body temperature is 38-39°C, and high fever, which occurs when the body temperature exceeds 39°C.
Fever can arise as a result of viral or non-infectious disorders, such as medication fever (for example, following vaccines) or autoimmune (inflammatory) and cancer diseases. However, it is more commonly a sign of infections such as colds, flu, pneumonia, or urinary tract infections.
The normal body temperature is 36.6°C, but it can fluctuate due to physical activity, menstrual cycle, and time of day. A child’s normal body temperature is 36.4-37°C, but if it is checked by rectal measurement, subtract half a degree (5 lines) to get the correct result.
At the same time, an increase in temperature in youngsters due to exercise or emotions does not usually indicate an infection. Then wait a while and measure again.
A mild fever might be beneficial to the body. It increases the activity of immune cells, which travel to the site of inflammation and aid in the elimination of the pathogenic agent.
In the case of moderate fever, we do not need to deliver an antipyretic medicine if the patient feels good despite the elevated temperature (no chills, not extremely weak). It’s worthwhile to let her do her job. In the case of a high fever, we should absolutely lower the temperature, because a rise in body temperature above 41 ° C poses a risk of protein damage.
Effective and recommended drugs in lowering fever are:
Body weight is a factor in determining the dosage of paracetamol for fever. An adult should take 500-1000 mg of paracetamol 3-4 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 4 g. (8 tablets of 500 mg per day).
Ibuprofen for fever is also given in weight-based doses. It is advised that individuals take 200-400 mg every 4 hours. The drug’s maximum daily dose is 1200 mg.
Children should be given an antipyretic if even a mild fever makes them feel ill. Be especially cautious with the younger patients, since they are more vulnerable to the negative consequences of high temperatures (such as febrile convulsions ). Wait no longer than necessary before lowering the higher temperature.
Fever can be effectively treated using home treatments. They frequently supplement pharmacological action and are indispensable when pharmaceuticals have not yet begun to operate and a rapid drop in body temperature is required. The following are the finest natural fever remedies:
Linden or elderflower tea, raspberry juice, honey, yarrow herb, and willow bark preparations have a diaphoretic effect, cooling the body naturally through sweating.
The body requires energy to fight the sickness during a fever, so it should not be wasted on digestion. If the patient has an appetite, it is best to feed him short, easily digestible meals, such as oats, vegetable soups, and rice.
The most important idea is to monitor a child’s fever quickly and administer an antipyretic drug if necessary to prevent dehydration.
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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). It is therefore a malignant disease of the bone marrow’s blood-forming cells that causes an uncontrolled expansion of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood, particularly mature and maturing granulocytes (progenitor cells). The quantity of blood platelets is frequently raised at the start of the disease (thrombocytosis).
Learn more about CML : It is a cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood cells
Chemical compounds such as benzene and radioactive radiation from Hiroshima and Nagasaki are risk factors. Both of these variables can cause bone marrow blood stem cells to deteriorate. The leukemia cells in approximately 90% of people with chronic myeloid leukemia contain a unique genetic abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome. It is the outcome of a genetic material exchange between chromosomes 9 and 22. (a so-called bcr-abl1 fusion gene). According to current research, heredity does not play a role.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) usually begins insidiously and can last for several years. It is often detected by a routine blood test as part of a preventive medical check-up, and can cause an enlargement of the spleen and pain in the upper left abdomen. In advanced stages, leukemia causes the number of healthy, functioning blood cells to decrease, leading to a disruption of all three cell rows.
The sometimes overwhelming rise in white blood cells can also contribute to the formation of clots and vascular occlusions, but this is uncommon due to the mature cells’ good deformability. In this scenario, we’re talking about leukemic thrombi.
History and physical examination
The doctor begins with a thorough discussion of present symptoms and potential risk factors ( anamnesis ). He next checks the spleen and liver, among other organs, which can swell with CML. An ultrasound examination of the abdomen can also be used to measure the size of the organs.
Blood test
The blood shows characteristic alterations. The number of white blood cells (leukocytes) is dramatically raised in the complete blood count, owing to a rise in the number of mature and immature granulocytes. Platelets in the blood may be raised as well. When CML has progressed, there is a paucity of red blood cells (anemia) and blood platelets.
Bone marrow examination
Following the blood test, a bone marrow examination is required to confirm the diagnosis. Under local anesthetic, bone marrow is extracted from the iliac crest (punch biopsy). This test is often performed as an outpatient procedure, requiring no hospitalization.
Evidence of genetic modification: The Philadelpia chromosome
Cytogenetic examinations can detect the Philadelphia chromosome, which is a translocation of genes 9 and 22 in the blood and bone marrow. Rarely, this gene change can be found in acute leukemia, but the course of the disease and treatment differ from normal CML.
Hematological response to therapy
Under therapy, the blood count returns to normal, which is referred to as the haematological response. The spleen has recovered to normal size as well. This stage is usually reached a few weeks after starting therapy.
Cytogenetic response to therapy
In the case of a cytogenetic response, bone marrow cells in the division phase are inspected microscopically. The cytogenetic reaction is reflected in fewer cells carrying the Philadelphia chromosome. When the Philadelphia chromosome is no longer detectable, it is said to be in complete cytogenetic remission. This milestone is usually reached after roughly six months.
molecular response to therapy
The polymerase chain reaction can be used to detect the bcr-abl transfusion gene (PCR). A good molecular remission is defined as the bcr-abl value falling below 0.1 percent of the original value. This goal should have been met 12 months after starting therapy.
Cancer specialists use tyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially imatinib, as standard therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as nilotinib and dasatinib, are now also approved for the initial treatment of CML. At the beginning of treatment with imatinib, the drug can cause changes in the blood count, nausea, diarrhea, water retention in the tissue (edema), skin rashes, and muscle cramps. However, the side effects decrease with increasing duration of therapy. It is important to use the prescribed medication regularly, and therapy is often lifelong. If there is an optimal response, stopping or pausing the tyrosine kinase inhibitor can be attempted, preferably as part of a study. If there is a lack of response, a change in tyrosine kinase inhibitors is also an option.
Since tyrosine kinase inhibitors were approved for the treatment of CML in 2002, other therapies have taken a back seat. They are still employed, however, when the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors is insufficient. Interferon-alpha, hydroxyurea, and chemotherapeutic medicines are among the medications utilized here.
Heavy menstruation and intense, cramping abdominal pain are two signs of adnexitis. Most frequently, untreated intimate infections lead to adnexitis. Young, sexually active women between the ages of 15 and 30 are frequently affected. Antibiotics are absolutely necessary for the disease’s treatment.
Adnexitis is an inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries caused by a bacterial infection. It is diagnosed in 1 in 100 women every year, but many cases go undiagnosed. Infection usually occurs via the ascending route from the lower part of the reproductive tract, affecting the cervix and uterus first.
When the appendages are first infected, acute inflammation develops. The main symptoms of adnexitis are:
There are also often:
Bacteria are to blame for the disease’s onset: gonorrhea, chlamydia, and, less frequently, Mycoplasma genitalium, E. coli, or streptococci. Adnexitis is most commonly caused by an intimate sexually transmitted infection. As a result, excessive sexual activity, not wearing a condom, and changing partners all increase the risk of ovarian and fallopian tube inflammation. Menstruation, childbirth, puerperium, miscarriage, and many gynecological treatments all promote appendage inflammation.
A vaginal ultrasound may be performed by a gynecologist to diagnose inflammation of the adnexa , however, the disease can only be diagnosed by laparoscopy and swab collection. Additional tests are also performed, such as morphology, urine analysis, and inflammatory markers.
Adnexitis is treated by taking antibiotics, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory medications orally. A hospital stay is essential in severe cases of disease and in pregnant women. If the body’s response to antibiotic treatment is inadequate, the doctor will recommend surgical treatment, such as laparoscopy or puncture and drainage (in the case of an abscess).
Additional recommendations are usually:
It must be remembered that the disease must be treated as quickly as possible, or it will cause major problems. Adnexitis, if left untreated, can have catastrophic implications. such as:
Many of them are very difficult to treat, so it is not worth underestimating the symptoms of adnexitis.
If acute adnexitis is not properly treated, the symptoms will return. Persistent adnexitis may contribute to the production of adhesions in the fallopian tubes, resulting in difficulties conceiving. In the case of reoccurring infections, therapy is used as in acute inflammation, followed by the so-called stimulation treatment to deal with adhesions. Your doctor may recommend that you see:
Although most people have two kidneys, one is plenty for a reasonably active lifestyle. It is possible to live with one kidney and, according to some sources, to live longer than the general population on average. What are the drawbacks and implications of having only one kidney?
Living with one kidney is possible, as it reduces the number of kidney tissues by half and takes over 50% of the function of the missing organ. It is possible regardless of whether the person was born without a kidney or donated an organ for transplantation.
Learn more at Physical consequences of kidney donation
Kidney donors live longer than other people due to their health and constant medical care, but it is important to follow your doctor’s recommendations.
Most people with one kidney can live a regular, healthy life as they did before surgery. Of course, you should be aware that you will be subjected to regular checkups, particularly for the assessment of kidney function. The limits are mostly linked to the lengthy healing period following surgery. You should rest for a bit before gradually returning to full activity. Contact activities that might cause kidney damage, such as boxing, football, and martial arts, are discouraged. Damage to a single kidney can be avoided by avoiding dangerous situations.
People living with one kidney are advised to follow the principles of a healthy lifestyle. The goal is to reduce the chances of developing obesity, diabetes, or hypertension. These illnesses promote the failure of the remaining kidney.
The main recommendations are:
The risk of developing kidney failure in people with one kidney is slightly higher than in people with two, but it is still low.
Moderate proteinuria affects 25% to 35% of donors and does not worsen over time. A tiny number of people have persistent discomfort as a result of kidney removal surgery. The healing period following the treatment lasts several weeks.
There is no evidence that becoming a donor is linked to the development of other diseases. Blood pressure may rise in adults over the age of 50 who ingest an excessive amount of salt. In this scenario, limiting salt is the best strategy.
A kidney donor may become pregnant and give birth to a healthy child. There is no evidence that kidney removal has a negative impact on fertility or the health of the pregnant woman or fetus. Despite a slightly increased risk of gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia.
Nearly 90% of donors say their health hasn’t changed at all, and 96% say they’d donate again if they could. There is an enhancement in well-being, a boost in self-esteem, and a sense of more value in over 50% of donors. Relationships among family members strengthen as well.
A person who donates a kidney is entitled to the designation “Distinguished Transplant Donor” as well as the opportunity to seek outpatient health care in their own right. This badge, along with the ID card, is handed over formally by the Minister of Health or a person authorized by him. Regular check-ups at the Nephrology Clinic are also available to kidney donors.
Having one kidney is not a contraindication to work, if the remaining kidney functions properly, therefore, a certificate of disability is not issued for this reason .
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