Cardiac arrhythmias, also called arrhythmias, are one of the most common heart problems. The heart muscle contracts in a way that isn’t normal, and the heart rate is higher than the normal range of 60 to 100 beats per minute. A slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute is called bradycardia, and a fast heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute is called tachycardia.
Causes of arrhythmias
You should know that the nervous system controls the normal rhythm of the heart, and the sinus node is the “stimulator.” Normal heart rate values mean that it is working as it should. An abnormal heart rhythm may result from the node’s improper work or from other conduction pathways stimulating the heart. Arrhythmia can be caused by:
- excessive stress (due to excess adrenaline)
- hormonal disorders (thyroid)
- the effects of drugs
- alcohol consumption
- taking drugs
- excessive coffee consumption
- steroids
Symptoms of bradycardia
- weakness
- dizziness
- risk of fainting
- loss of consciousness
- risk of cardiac arrest
Symptoms of tachycardia
- palpitation feeling
- “anxiety” in the chest
- “feel” the heartbeat
- “heaviness” in the chest
- possible dizziness and fainting
The doctor can tell if you have either of these conditions by listening to your heart with a stethoscope and looking at the results of an electrocardiogram (ECG). Other tests, like thyroid hormones, an exercise test, and Holter monitoring of the heart rhythm (24/7), are also done if they are needed. Both arrhythmias need very different kinds of care. When a person is awake and has bradycardia with less than 50 beats per minute, a pacemaker may be put in. But if you have tachycardia, you should treat what’s causing it and also take drugs that slow the heart’s work that a cardiologist gives you. In some cases, electrotherapy is also used, such as cardioversion or cardiostimulation, and sometimes ablation, which means destroying the spot where the heart muscle needs more stimulation.
Remember, each untreated arrhythmia increases the risk of cardiac arrest! Therefore, when we experience disturbing symptoms, we should consult a doctor as soon as possible!
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